That little nub is a soft steel rivet that needs to be pulled out. If you just grind it off there’s a remote chance the rest of it could drop into the bearing. If you have a sharp pair of vise grips or a milling vise you can grab it and pull it out.
Pardon my ignorance; is replacing a bearing as simple as loosening the cassette and removing the beating inside, then replacing with a new one and tightening down?